A Brief Description About Irrigation And Drainage

Irrigation and drainage

 

Irrigation:

Irrigation is a technique of watering a field or can be described as an unnatural way of applying of water to the land to help in production of crop and to assist the growing of crop and protection of plant. By irrigation we intend to maintain the soil condition in dry areas like landscape, re-vegetation. It helps also in soil consolidation.
In dry summer period the irrigation water is applied because these days water losses of soil is high as 3.5 mm per day. There is no rainfall to compensate for this. In mid of June (mainly summer period) the water table goes downward in the soil. Soil moisture is depleted day by day. And its result in the upper surface of soil damage and loss of our fertile land. Loss of surface grass also there.

The plant requires large quantity of water for growth. The process of intake of water in the plant is known as transpiration, by the transpiration loss by vapor (evaporation) is there and the plant utilize most of water from the soil. In hot weather, there is an increase in the rate of transpiration so need of artificial water to maintain water quantity in soil and it increase growth of different of crop.
Before applying artificial water we need to check following factor

• pH of soil
• Alkalinity of soil
• Salinity of soil
• Industrial and agricultural pollution

 

Benefits of irrigation water

 

•     It provides greater certainty with production. It makes production possible with dry land.

•     It increases livestock production.
•     The farmer maintains the pasture quality over a critical dry period.
•     It provides the greater opportunity to gain of abundance of crops in dry areas.
•     It prevents plant disease (pathogens) and weed.
•      It conserves the water and our time.
•     It preserves soil structure and nutrients.
•     It increases the crop yield.
•     It ensures production of better quality of product.
•     It uses appropriate irrigation technique to decrease the water cost through consumption.
•     It decrease the energy cost.
•     It maintains the quality of the environment.

 

System of irrigation

 

•     Surface irrigation system
•     Drip irrigation system
•     Sprinkler irrigation system
•     Center pivot irrigation system
•     Basin irrigation system

 

Drainage

 

It is a method for removal of water of natural water from the surface or sub surface of farm which increase the productivity and helps to manage water supply. unfavorable effect of water logging can be reduce.
An agricultural drainage system is  used to maintain water level on or in the soil. Because the crop is prevented from damage and it improves the growth of crop thus the maximum productivity for the crop can be reached.

 

Benefits of Drainage:-

Suitable agriculture drainage system provides the best yield and minimise the effect of drought and heavy rainfall storm or snow. We increase the temperature in the soil and thus reduce the soil losses to excessive surface water their by improving aeration and its aims increase the quality of nitrogen in the soil to provide the better root development and to ensure the longer growing season of crop and it also the soil erosion. Greater productivity of the farm which also ensure if we implement the tile drainage system then this method increases the productivity from 22% to 42% as compared to untitled land.
Better soil Moisture condition with Good drainage To ensure more operation of tillage planting and harvesting.

 

Disadvantage-

 

The construction of open drains requires the more land, surface area hence there is waste.
Levelling of land require in undulating areas which may increase the cost of operation.

 

Types of Drainage system-

 

• Surface System-
• Sub-Surface System
• Vertical Drainage
• Bio Drainage System